Diabetes Name
Diabetes title

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly regulate blood glucose (sugar) levels. This happens either because the pancreas produces insufficient insulin, the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces, or both.

Insulin is a hormone that acts as a "key" — it unlocks cells so glucose from food can enter and be used for energy. Without it working correctly, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to a range of short-term and long-term health complications.

• Type 1 Diabetes An autoimmune condition where the immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Requires lifelong insulin therapy. Usually diagnosed in children and young adults.
• Type 2 Diabetes The most common form. The body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough. Strongly linked to obesity, physical inactivity, and genetics. Often manageable with lifestyle changes and oral medicines.
• Gestational Diabetes Develops during pregnancy when hormones interfere with insulin function. Usually resolves after delivery but increases future risk of Type 2 in both mother and child.

• Key Diagnostic Tests Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c (3-month average), random plasma glucose, C-peptide, kidney profile (eGFR, creatinine), urine microalbumin.
• Recommended Diet Principles Choose low-GI foods (oats, lentils, leafy greens). Limit refined carbs, sugar, trans fats, and processed foods. Eat at regular intervals. Portion control matters as much as food choice.